CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Drugs
are the abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive materials .
Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement agencies such as the police (
including the National Narcotics Agency ) , prosecutors , judges and
correctional officers . In addition to drugs , another term that refers to all
three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics, psychotropic and
addictive substances . The term drug more commonly used by healthcare
practitioners and rehabilitation . But in essence the meaning of both terms
still refer to the three types of the same substance .
According
to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics mentioned sense is " a substance or a drug
derived from a plant or not plant either synthetic or semi- synthetic that can
cause degradation or alteration of consciousness , loss of taste , reduce to
eliminate pain , and can lead to dependency " .
The
drug is actually a legal drug that in medicine , but nowadays widely abused
drugs . Even young people who use drugs are not little . Many of those who use
the drug for reasons of mental pleasure , but unfortunately not much mengetahui
dangers of drugs . Therefore, in addition to completing course assignments from
Bhs . Indonesia , we formulate this paper aims to provide information how
dangerous drugs .
B.
Destination
Abuse
of narcotics and illicit drugs among young people today are growing. The rise
of the younger generation of deviant behavior may endanger the survival of this
nation in the future. Because as a young generation that is expected to be the
successor of the nation, is increasingly fragile encroached addictive
substances nerve destroyer. So the young man can not think clearly. As a result,
the generation of hope and intelligent resilient nation will only stay
memorable. The objective of this is the spread of drugs young people or
teenagers. This paper aims to:
1. For knowledge
to teenagers about drugs for her language
2. As a
referinsi so that the teens can understand about the types of drugs
3. assignment of subjects Indonesian
C.
Problem
Formulation
We make this paper with draft-pertayaan questions that
arise from our minds, including:
1. What sense Drugs?
2. How many kinds of drugs?
3. What are the dangers of drugs?
4. How to cope?
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
Definition Of Drugs
Drugs
are the abbreviation of ( Narcotics , Psychotropic and Other Addictive
Materials ) . Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement agencies such
as the police ( including the National Narcotics Agency ) , prosecutors ,
judges and correctional officers . In addition to drugs , another term that
refers to all three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics,
psychotropic and addictive substances . The term drug more commonly used by
healthcare practitioners and rehabilitation . But in essence the meaning of
both terms still refer to the three types of the same substance .
According
to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics mentioned understanding of :
Narcotics are
" substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or
semi- synthetic that can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness ,
loss of taste , reduce to eliminate pain , and can lead to dependence " .
Psychotropic
is " a substance or drug, either natural or synthetic non- narcotic ,
which is efficacious psychoactive through selective effect on the central
nervous system that causes typical changes in mental activity and behavior
" .
Other
addictive substances are " substances or other materials instead of
narcotics and psychotropic substances that affect the brain and can lead to
dependency "
Nonetheless
, it is important note that not all types of narcotics and psychotropic banned
. Because quite a lot of narcotics and psychotropic also has great benefits in
the field of medicine and for the benefit of the development of knowledge .
According to Law
22 of 1997 and Law No. 5 of 1997 , narcotics and psychotropic substances are
included in Group I is a type of substance that is considered illegal . As a
result of the status illegalnya anyone who has , manufacture , use , distribute
or circulate Category I narcotics and psychotropic substances may be subject to
punishment in accordance with applicable law.
B.
Sorts
- Various Drugs
1.
Morphine
Morphine is
produced from opium / opiate raw . Morphine is the principal alkaloid of opium
( C17H19NO3 ) . Morphine tastes bitter , a fine white powder form or in the
form of a colorless liquid . Its use by means of smoked and injected .
2.
Codeina
Codeine
derivatives including salts of opium and opium . Codeine effects are weaker
than heroin and its potential to cause low ketergantungaan . Usually sold in
pill form or liquid clear . How to use ingested and injected.
3.
Heroin
( heroin )
Heroin had a power
of two times stronger than morphine and is the type most commonly abused opiate
people in Indonesia at the end - this end . Heroin is pharmacologically similar
to morphine causes people to become sleepy and erratic mood swings . Although
the manufacture , sale and possession of heroin is illegal , but the attempted
heroin remains available for patients with terminal cancer as analgesic and
euphoric effects it good .
4.
Methadone
Methadone is
currently widely used in the treatment of opioid dependence . Opioid
antagonists have been made to treat opioid overdose and opioid dependence . A
large number of synthetic narcotics ( opioids ) have been made , including
meperidine ( Demerol ) , methadone ( Dolphine ) , pentazocine ( Talwin ) , and
propocyphene ( Darvon ) . Methadone is currently widely used in the treatment
of opioid dependence . Opioid antagonists have been made to treat opioid
overdose and opioid dependence . The drug class is nalaxone ( Narcan ) ,
naltrxone ( Trexan ) , nalorphine , levalorphane and apomorphine . A number of
compounds with activity mix of agonists and antagonists have been synthesized ,
and the compounds are pentazocine , butorphanol ( Stadol ) , and buprenorphine
( Buprenex ) . Several studies have found that buprenorphine is an effective
treatment for opioid dependence . Name popoler types of opioids : putauw , etep
, PT , white .
5.
Demerol
Another name of
Demerol is pethidina . Its use can be swallowed or by injection . Demerol is
sold in a pill form and colorless liquid .
6.
Opium
Papaver
somniferum plant sap obtained by tapping ( scraping ) who want ripe fruit . The
sap that comes out white and named " lates " . The sap is allowed to
dry on the surface of the fruit that is brown -black -and post- processing will
be a soft dough that resembles asphalt . This is called raw opium or opium
rough . Opium contains an assortment of rugged active substances are often
misused . Opium cook brown color is dark brown or blackish . Traded in
packaging tin box with assorted stamp , among other snakes , skulls , eagle ,
globe , cap 999 , cap dog , etc. . Its use by means of sucked.
C.
Factors
that Encourage
A.
Motivation in substance
abuse and drug -related motivational concerns turned out to individual
circumstances ( individual motivation ) is about the physical, emotional ,
intellectual and mental - interpersonal .
B.
In addition to the
individual motivations that lead to an action of substance abuse , there are
other factors that have a close relationship with substance abuse condition
that sociocultural factors such as below and this is pressed deep mood in
adolescents include:
1.
The split family unit
eg divorce , family move , there are parents who do not / rarely at home and so
on
2.
The influence of mass
media such as advertisements on drugs and substances .
3.
Rapid technological
change .
4.
Blurring of values
and religious systems as well as the melting of moral standards ; ( this
means the need coaching character - Akhlaq )
5.
Increased idle time .
6.
The imbalance of
economic conditions such as poverty , economic disparity ethno racial , luxury
boring and so on .
7.
Being a man for others
.
D.
Dangers
of Drugs
A.
According to the effect
Hallucinogens
, the effects of these drugs can cause if taken in certain doses so can result
in a person becoming air- hallucinations to see a thing / object that does not
exist / is not a real example, cocaine and LSD
Stimulant
, the effects of these drugs can lead to employment organs such as the heart
and brain working faster than usual work resulting in a more powerful one for a
while, and tend to make the user more happy and excited for a while
Depressants
, the effects of these drugs can suppress the central nervous system and
reduces the functional activity of the body , so that the wearer feel calm even
may make users sleep and unconsciousness . For example, heroin
Addictive
, Someone who is taking drugs usually will want and want again because of
certain substances in the drug resulted in a person tends to be passive ,
because the drug indirectly decide the nerves in the brain , such as marijuana
, heroin , heroin
"
If it's too long and had drug addiction then gradually organs in the body will
be damaged and if it exceeds the dose then the user will eventually overdose
and death " .
B. By
Type
As for the dangers of drugs by type
are as follows:
opioids:
major depression
apathetic
excessive fatigue
lazy to move
plenty of sleep
nervous
restless
always feel suspicious
accelerated heart rate
excessive joy
a lot of talk but slurred
increased sense of self-esteem
Convulsions
pupils shrink
increased blood pressure
cold sweats
nausea to vomiting
injury to the nasal cavity bulkhead
loss of appetite
weight loss
C. cocaine
:
accelerated heart rate
restless
excessive joy
increased sense of self-esteem
talkative
Convulsions
dilated pupils
cold sweats
nausea to vomiting
easy fight
bleeding on the brain
deep vein thrombosis
uncontrolled eye movements
stiffness of the neck muscles
D. cannabis
:
puffy eyes
lower eyelids look swollen , red ,
and watery
often daydream
hearing impaired
always laughing
sometimes quick-tempered
not excited
restless
dehydration
dental bone loss
liver
nerves of the brain and the optic
nerve is damaged
schizophrenia
E. ectasy
:
energetic but his eyes glazed and
his face pale ,
sweat
wakeful
brain damage
dehydration
liver disorders
bone and tooth loss
no appetite
the optic nerve is damaged
F. Shabu
- shabu :
energetic
paranoid
wakeful
difficult to think
nerve damage to the brain ,
especially the nerves that control breathing to feelshortness of breath
talative
accelerated heart rate
cerebral hemorrhage
shock in the coronary arteries that
will lead to death
G. benzodiazepines
:
staggered
facial redness
a lot of talk but slurred
irritability
impaired concentration
damage to body organs , especially
the brain
So it can be concluded if the drug
is consumed by:
a. Juvenile
Adolescence is a developmental
phase between childhood and adulthood . Someone in the future development of
children and adolescents will shape the development of that person in adulthood
. That's why when childhood and adolescence damaged by drugs , the bleak or
even shattering his future .
In adolescence , just the desire to
experiment , follow the trend and lifestyle , as well as great fun once .
Although all the tendencies perfectly natural , but it can also make it easier
for motivated teens abusing drugs . The data show that the number of drug users
is at most teen age group .
The problem becomes more serious
when due to drug use , teens contracting and transmitting HIV / AIDS among
adolescents . It has been proven from the use of drugs through syringe
alternately . This nation will lose very much due to adolescent drug abuse and
the spread of HIV / AIDS . Teenagers lost at the loss of human resources for
the nation .
b. Student
In Indonesia , the drug addict
progress more rapidly . The drug addict is generally aged between 11 to 24
years . This means that age is of childbearing age or the age of the student .
At first , students were taking drugs usually begins with introduction to
cigarettes .
Because of this habit seems to have
become a natural thing among today's students . Of this habit , the association
continues to increase , especially when the students join in an environment of
people who have become drug addicts . At first try , and then run into dependency
.
The negative impact of drug abuse on children or
adolescents ( learner - ed )
is as follows :
- Changes in attitude , temperament and personality
,
- Frequent truancy , declining discipline and values
lessons ,
- Being irritable and quick to anger ,
- Frequent yawning , sleepy , and lazy ,
- No health care for themselves ,
- Like to steal to buy drugs .
A
lot can still be done to prevent teenage drug abuse and help teens who have
fallen drug abuse . There are three levels of intervention , namely
1 . primary
Before
abuse occurs , usually in the form of education , dissemination of information
about the dangers of drugs , the approach through the family , etc. .
Government agencies , such as the BKKBN , more of a role in the intervention
phase . provision of information about the activities carried out through
various forms of IEC materials aimed at adolescent and family instantly .
2 . secondary
At
the time of use has occurred and the necessary effort to cure (treatment ) .
This phase includes : initial acceptance phase ( initialintake ) between 1-3
days to perform physical and mental examinations , and Phase detoxification and
treatment of medical complications , between 1-3 weeks to carry out the
reduction of dependence addictive ingredients gradually.
3 . tertiary
that
efforts to rehabilitate those who have been using and in the healing process .
This stage usually consists of a stabilization phase , between 3-12 months , to
prepare the user back to the community , and Phase socialization in society ,
so that former drug abusers are able to develop a meaningful life in the
community . This stage is usually in the form of counseling , support groups
create , develop alternative activities , etc.
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Drugs
are the abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive materials .
Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement agencies such as the police (
including the National Narcotics Agency ) , prosecutors , judges and
correctional officers . In addition to drugs , another term that refers to all
three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics, psychotropic and
addictive substances . The term drug more commonly used by healthcare
practitioners and rehabilitation . But in essence the meaning of both terms
still refer to the three types of the same substance .
According
to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics mentioned sense is " a substance or a drug
derived from a plant or not plant either synthetic or semi- synthetic that can
cause degradation or alteration of consciousness , loss of taste , reduce to
eliminate pain , and can lead to dependency " .
The
drug is actually a legal drug that in medicine , but nowadays widely abused
drugs . Even young people who use drugs are not little . Many of those who use
the drug for reasons of mental pleasure , but unfortunately not much mengetahui
dangers of drugs . Therefore, in addition to completing course assignments from
Bhs . Indonesia , we formulate this paper aims to provide information how
dangerous drugs .
B.
Destination
Abuse
of narcotics and illicit drugs among young people today are growing. The rise
of the younger generation of deviant behavior may endanger the survival of this
nation in the future. Because as a young generation that is expected to be the
successor of the nation, is increasingly fragile encroached addictive
substances nerve destroyer. So the young man can not think clearly. As a result,
the generation of hope and intelligent resilient nation will only stay
memorable. The objective of this is the spread of drugs young people or
teenagers. This paper aims to:
1. For knowledge
to teenagers about drugs for her language
2. As a
referinsi so that the teens can understand about the types of drugs
3. assignment of subjects Indonesian
C.
Problem
Formulation
We make this paper with draft-pertayaan questions that
arise from our minds, including:
1. What sense Drugs?
2. How many kinds of drugs?
3. What are the dangers of drugs?
4. How to cope?
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
Definition Of Drugs
Drugs
are the abbreviation of ( Narcotics , Psychotropic and Other Addictive
Materials ) . Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement agencies such
as the police ( including the National Narcotics Agency ) , prosecutors ,
judges and correctional officers . In addition to drugs , another term that
refers to all three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics,
psychotropic and addictive substances . The term drug more commonly used by
healthcare practitioners and rehabilitation . But in essence the meaning of
both terms still refer to the three types of the same substance .
According
to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics mentioned understanding of :
Narcotics are
" substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or
semi- synthetic that can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness ,
loss of taste , reduce to eliminate pain , and can lead to dependence " .
Psychotropic
is " a substance or drug, either natural or synthetic non- narcotic ,
which is efficacious psychoactive through selective effect on the central
nervous system that causes typical changes in mental activity and behavior
" .
Other
addictive substances are " substances or other materials instead of
narcotics and psychotropic substances that affect the brain and can lead to
dependency "
Nonetheless
, it is important note that not all types of narcotics and psychotropic banned
. Because quite a lot of narcotics and psychotropic also has great benefits in
the field of medicine and for the benefit of the development of knowledge .
According to Law
22 of 1997 and Law No. 5 of 1997 , narcotics and psychotropic substances are
included in Group I is a type of substance that is considered illegal . As a
result of the status illegalnya anyone who has , manufacture , use , distribute
or circulate Category I narcotics and psychotropic substances may be subject to
punishment in accordance with applicable law.
B.
Sorts
- Various Drugs
1.
Morphine
Morphine is
produced from opium / opiate raw . Morphine is the principal alkaloid of opium
( C17H19NO3 ) . Morphine tastes bitter , a fine white powder form or in the
form of a colorless liquid . Its use by means of smoked and injected .
2.
Codeina
Codeine
derivatives including salts of opium and opium . Codeine effects are weaker
than heroin and its potential to cause low ketergantungaan . Usually sold in
pill form or liquid clear . How to use ingested and injected.
3.
Heroin
( heroin )
Heroin had a power
of two times stronger than morphine and is the type most commonly abused opiate
people in Indonesia at the end - this end . Heroin is pharmacologically similar
to morphine causes people to become sleepy and erratic mood swings . Although
the manufacture , sale and possession of heroin is illegal , but the attempted
heroin remains available for patients with terminal cancer as analgesic and
euphoric effects it good .
4.
Methadone
Methadone is
currently widely used in the treatment of opioid dependence . Opioid
antagonists have been made to treat opioid overdose and opioid dependence . A
large number of synthetic narcotics ( opioids ) have been made , including
meperidine ( Demerol ) , methadone ( Dolphine ) , pentazocine ( Talwin ) , and
propocyphene ( Darvon ) . Methadone is currently widely used in the treatment
of opioid dependence . Opioid antagonists have been made to treat opioid
overdose and opioid dependence . The drug class is nalaxone ( Narcan ) ,
naltrxone ( Trexan ) , nalorphine , levalorphane and apomorphine . A number of
compounds with activity mix of agonists and antagonists have been synthesized ,
and the compounds are pentazocine , butorphanol ( Stadol ) , and buprenorphine
( Buprenex ) . Several studies have found that buprenorphine is an effective
treatment for opioid dependence . Name popoler types of opioids : putauw , etep
, PT , white .
5.
Demerol
Another name of
Demerol is pethidina . Its use can be swallowed or by injection . Demerol is
sold in a pill form and colorless liquid .
6.
Opium
Papaver
somniferum plant sap obtained by tapping ( scraping ) who want ripe fruit . The
sap that comes out white and named " lates " . The sap is allowed to
dry on the surface of the fruit that is brown -black -and post- processing will
be a soft dough that resembles asphalt . This is called raw opium or opium
rough . Opium contains an assortment of rugged active substances are often
misused . Opium cook brown color is dark brown or blackish . Traded in
packaging tin box with assorted stamp , among other snakes , skulls , eagle ,
globe , cap 999 , cap dog , etc. . Its use by means of sucked.
C.
Factors
that Encourage
A.
Motivation in substance
abuse and drug -related motivational concerns turned out to individual
circumstances ( individual motivation ) is about the physical, emotional ,
intellectual and mental - interpersonal .
B.
In addition to the
individual motivations that lead to an action of substance abuse , there are
other factors that have a close relationship with substance abuse condition
that sociocultural factors such as below and this is pressed deep mood in
adolescents include:
1.
The split family unit
eg divorce , family move , there are parents who do not / rarely at home and so
on
2.
The influence of mass
media such as advertisements on drugs and substances .
3.
Rapid technological
change .
4.
Blurring of values
and religious systems as well as the melting of moral standards ; ( this
means the need coaching character - Akhlaq )
5.
Increased idle time .
6.
The imbalance of
economic conditions such as poverty , economic disparity ethno racial , luxury
boring and so on .
7.
Being a man for others
.
D.
Dangers
of Drugs
A.
According to the effect
Hallucinogens
, the effects of these drugs can cause if taken in certain doses so can result
in a person becoming air- hallucinations to see a thing / object that does not
exist / is not a real example, cocaine and LSD
Stimulant
, the effects of these drugs can lead to employment organs such as the heart
and brain working faster than usual work resulting in a more powerful one for a
while, and tend to make the user more happy and excited for a while
Depressants
, the effects of these drugs can suppress the central nervous system and
reduces the functional activity of the body , so that the wearer feel calm even
may make users sleep and unconsciousness . For example, heroin
Addictive
, Someone who is taking drugs usually will want and want again because of
certain substances in the drug resulted in a person tends to be passive ,
because the drug indirectly decide the nerves in the brain , such as marijuana
, heroin , heroin
"
If it's too long and had drug addiction then gradually organs in the body will
be damaged and if it exceeds the dose then the user will eventually overdose
and death " .
B. By
Type
As for the dangers of drugs by type
are as follows:
opioids:
major depression
apathetic
excessive fatigue
lazy to move
plenty of sleep
nervous
restless
always feel suspicious
accelerated heart rate
excessive joy
a lot of talk but slurred
increased sense of self-esteem
Convulsions
pupils shrink
increased blood pressure
cold sweats
nausea to vomiting
injury to the nasal cavity bulkhead
loss of appetite
weight loss
C. cocaine
:
accelerated heart rate
restless
excessive joy
increased sense of self-esteem
talkative
Convulsions
dilated pupils
cold sweats
nausea to vomiting
easy fight
bleeding on the brain
deep vein thrombosis
uncontrolled eye movements
stiffness of the neck muscles
D. cannabis
:
puffy eyes
lower eyelids look swollen , red ,
and watery
often daydream
hearing impaired
always laughing
sometimes quick-tempered
not excited
restless
dehydration
dental bone loss
liver
nerves of the brain and the optic
nerve is damaged
schizophrenia
E. ectasy
:
energetic but his eyes glazed and
his face pale ,
sweat
wakeful
brain damage
dehydration
liver disorders
bone and tooth loss
no appetite
the optic nerve is damaged
F. Shabu
- shabu :
energetic
paranoid
wakeful
difficult to think
nerve damage to the brain ,
especially the nerves that control breathing to feelshortness of breath
talative
accelerated heart rate
cerebral hemorrhage
shock in the coronary arteries that
will lead to death
G. benzodiazepines
:
staggered
facial redness
a lot of talk but slurred
irritability
impaired concentration
damage to body organs , especially
the brain
So it can be concluded if the drug
is consumed by:
a. Juvenile
Adolescence is a developmental
phase between childhood and adulthood . Someone in the future development of
children and adolescents will shape the development of that person in adulthood
. That's why when childhood and adolescence damaged by drugs , the bleak or
even shattering his future .
In adolescence , just the desire to
experiment , follow the trend and lifestyle , as well as great fun once .
Although all the tendencies perfectly natural , but it can also make it easier
for motivated teens abusing drugs . The data show that the number of drug users
is at most teen age group .
The problem becomes more serious
when due to drug use , teens contracting and transmitting HIV / AIDS among
adolescents . It has been proven from the use of drugs through syringe
alternately . This nation will lose very much due to adolescent drug abuse and
the spread of HIV / AIDS . Teenagers lost at the loss of human resources for
the nation .
b. Student
In Indonesia , the drug addict
progress more rapidly . The drug addict is generally aged between 11 to 24
years . This means that age is of childbearing age or the age of the student .
At first , students were taking drugs usually begins with introduction to
cigarettes .
Because of this habit seems to have
become a natural thing among today's students . Of this habit , the association
continues to increase , especially when the students join in an environment of
people who have become drug addicts . At first try , and then run into dependency
.
The negative impact of drug abuse on children or
adolescents ( learner - ed )
is as follows :
- Changes in attitude , temperament and personality
,
- Frequent truancy , declining discipline and values
lessons ,
- Being irritable and quick to anger ,
- Frequent yawning , sleepy , and lazy ,
- No health care for themselves ,
- Like to steal to buy drugs .
A
lot can still be done to prevent teenage drug abuse and help teens who have
fallen drug abuse . There are three levels of intervention , namely
1 . primary
Before
abuse occurs , usually in the form of education , dissemination of information
about the dangers of drugs , the approach through the family , etc. .
Government agencies , such as the BKKBN , more of a role in the intervention
phase . provision of information about the activities carried out through
various forms of IEC materials aimed at adolescent and family instantly .
2 . secondary
At
the time of use has occurred and the necessary effort to cure (treatment ) .
This phase includes : initial acceptance phase ( initialintake ) between 1-3
days to perform physical and mental examinations , and Phase detoxification and
treatment of medical complications , between 1-3 weeks to carry out the
reduction of dependence addictive ingredients gradually.
3 . tertiary
that
efforts to rehabilitate those who have been using and in the healing process .
This stage usually consists of a stabilization phase , between 3-12 months , to
prepare the user back to the community , and Phase socialization in society ,
so that former drug abusers are able to develop a meaningful life in the
community . This stage is usually in the form of counseling , support groups
create , develop alternative activities , etc.
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